Dictionary credits

Adapted by Shiberu: English glosses indexed back to JMdict headwords, filtered and ranked

JMdict German glosses: WaDokuJT

WaDokuJT / Wadoku e.V. (Ulrich Apel), www.wadoku.de; via EDRDG's JMdict

Wadoku.de-Daten Lizenz v1.0: https://www.wadoku.de/wiki/display/WAD/Wadoku.de-Daten+Lizenz

www.wadoku.de

JMdict Spanish glosses: Hispadic + RUI

Hispadic (CJKI) and RUI by Francisco Barberan; via EDRDG's JMdict

Hispadic: CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/); RUI: © Francisco Barberan

JMdict French glosses

Jean-Marc Desperrier and the JMdict Internationalization project; via EDRDG's JMdict

JMdict Russian glosses: Warodai

Warodai (warodai.ru); via EDRDG's JMdict

CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), included unmodified

warodai.ru

JMdict Dutch glosses

Compiled by the Waran Jiten dictionary wiki, Japanese Studies, KU Leuven; via EDRDG's JMdict

JMdict Hungarian glosses

Compiled by István Varga with NLP techniques; via EDRDG's JMdict

JMdict Slovenian glosses: jaSlo

Compiled from jaSlo, the Japanese-Slovene learner's dictionary (Kristina Hmeljak Sangawa et al., University of Ljubljana); via EDRDG's JMdict

jaSlo: CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

nl.ijs.si

JMdict Swedish glosses

Compiled from EDICT and an English-Swedish dictionary, then revised by hand; via EDRDG's JMdict

tomoshi-dict-data

Tomoshi (Y1Z); based on JMdict © Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group

ejdict-hand

kujirahand (Kujira Hikuzou)

Public domain

Chinese

CC-CEDICT

CC-CEDICT community, hosted by MDBG

cc-cedict.org

Adapted by Shiberu: English glosses indexed back to CC-CEDICT headwords, filtered and ranked; Taiwan words chosen with OpenCC

HanDeDict

HanDeDict contributors; Gábor L Ugray; originally made with the Chinesisch-Deutsche Gesellschaft e.V. Hamburg

CC BY-SA 3.0

CC BY-SA 3.0 (adaptation under CC BY-SA 4.0)

Adapted by Shiberu: German glosses indexed back to HanDeDict headwords, filtered and ranked; Traditional Chinese converted with OpenCC

CVDICT

Phong Phan (CVDICT); CC-CEDICT (MDBG)

CC-CIDICT

Harmony Mandarin; based on CC-CEDICT (MDBG)

cidict.org

ECDICT

MIT

CC BY-SA 2.0 KR (adaptation under CC BY-SA 4.0)

Licence notice

MIT License

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Korean

KRDICT — Korean Learners’ Dictionary

CC BY-SA 2.0 KR

krdict.korean.go.kr

Adapted by Shiberu: the equivalents and definitions KRDICT gives a Korean sense in its other languages, matched to Japanese and Chinese headwords via that Korean word, filtered and ranked; Traditional Chinese headwords converted with OpenCC; Spanish words given the Japanese and Chinese equivalents of the Korean senses they are the first Spanish equivalent of

Urimalsaem (우리말샘) — Open Korean Dictionary

CC BY-SA 2.0 KR

opendict.korean.go.kr

Cantonese

CC-Canto

CC BY-SA 3.0

cantonese.org

Adapted by Shiberu: meanings reformatted (separators, part-of-speech labels, numbered meanings, measure words; classical meanings and Cantonese-only lines of a character after its general meanings), Jyutping normalised, the pinyin and Mandarin pronunciation notes left out, Simplified spellings checked with OpenCC, duplicate readings merged

CC-CEDICT Cantonese readings + CC-CEDICT

CC BY-SA 3.0 and CC BY-SA 4.0 (adaptation under CC BY-SA 4.0)

cantonese.org

Adapted by Shiberu: Pleco's Cantonese readings joined to today's CC-CEDICT entries, Jyutping normalised, the pinyin left out (also in cross-references), Mandarin measure words and pronunciation notes left out, entries of one reading merged

開放粵語詞典 (Kaifangcidian Cantonese Dictionary)

CC BY 3.0

kaifangcidian.com

Adapted by Shiberu: only words with a Standard Chinese explanation, explanations split into meanings, Jyutping normalised

words.hk 粵典

Licensed under the Non-Commercial Open Data License ( https://words.hk/base/hoifong/ ). Used with written permission of Hong Kong Lexicography Limited (2026-11)

words.hk

Filtered and reformatted by Shiberu: published entries' definitions only (no examples), link marks removed, word classes and labels named in English. Not sub-licensed: for a licence of your own, ask words.hk

Licence notice

THIS WORK IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND/OR COPYRIGHT OWNERS ''AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS AND/OR COPYRIGHT OWNERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS WORK, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

Credits List (特別鳴謝, https://words.hk/base/about/): Hong Kong Cantonese Corpus (HKCanCor); 香港大學語言學系; 林璃蝶女士; Can Cheng; 昭源字體 Chiron Fonts; 劉擇明博士

Licensed under the Non-Commercial Open Data License ( https://words.hk/base/hoifong/ ). Used with written permission of Hong Kong Lexicography Limited (2026-11). Not sub-licensed: for a licence of your own, ask words.hk (https://words.hk/).

Every language

English Wiktionary + kaikki.org/wiktextract

Wiktionary contributors; Tatu Ylonen / wiktextract

CC BY-SA 4.0 / GFDL

kaikki.org

Adapted by Shiberu: definitions and translation equivalents filtered and reformatted; Spanish words given the Japanese, Korean and Chinese equivalents listed beside them under one English sense (matched through English, labelled "via English"); Spanish inflected forms linked to their headwords

Chinese Wiktionary + kaikki.org/wiktextract

Chinese Wiktionary contributors; Tatu Ylonen / wiktextract